fear of small numbers - arjun appadurai
globalization expose severe patologies in the sacred ideologies of nation hoodp.1
war on terror p.1
is a fundamental, and dangerous, idea behind the very idea of the modern nation-satate, the idea of national ethos p.3
ethos - os costumes de um povo de um lugar
that is, they seek uncertainty by dismembering the suspect body, the body under suspection. p.5
relationship between globalization, uncertainty and incompleteness - allow us recogmize when the anxiety of incompleteness and unacceptable levels of uncertainty combine... p.9
distinction between cellular and vertebrate world system p.21
vertebra5e features of the nation-state system but also is the laboratory for new formas of cellularity, de-linkage, and local autonomy p.28
...adds to this logic the capacity to globalize through cellular organizationmp.32
link minorities with modern nation-state and the marginalization of the nation-state on globalization p.33
In the remaining countries of the world, the underdeveloped and the truly destitute ones, there is a double anxiety: fear of inclusion, on draconian terms, and fear of exclusion, for this seems like exclusion from history itself. p.37
Three factors make globalization difficult to understand in terms of market and state,
1. role of financial capital it is faster, more multiplicative, more abstractm and more invasive of national economies than ever, your link loosenes with productive wealth
2. power of information revolution, ahead of protocolors of its regulations
3. whealth generation by eletronic finance markets making inccrease the gap between rich and poor people and also countries p. 37
market grow in intrastate versus interstate violence p.40
world's biggest criminal and tyrants have learned the languages of democracy, dignity, and rights p.41
why are minorieties targets? p.43
antropological argument Mary Douglas that "dirt matter out of place" and that all moral and social taxonomies find abhorrent the items that blur their bondaries (1996). Minorities of the sort that have describeded - the infirm, the religiously deviant, the dissabled, the mobile, the illegal, and the unwelcome in the space of nation-state-blur the bondaries between "us" and "them", here and there, in and out, health and unhealth, loyal and disloyal, need but unwelcome. This last binary is the key to the puzzle. p.44
and when they are poor, they are convenient symbols of the failure of many forms of development and welfare p.45
It is difficult to know who might emerge as the target minority, the ill fated stranger. In some case it seems obvious, in others less so. And that is because minorities are not born but made, historically speaking. In short, it is through specific choices and strategies, often of state elites or political leaders, that particular groups, who have stayed invisible, are rendered visible as minorities against whom campaigns of calumny can be unleashed, leading to explosions of ethnocide. so, rather than saying that minorities produce violence p.45 we could say that violence, especially at the national level, requires minorities. p.46
they are claims about cultural majorities that seek to be exclusively or axhaustively linked with th identity of the nation. p.52
why can small number excite range? Small numbers represent a tiny obstacle between majority and totality or total purity. p.53
Thus, the masses are always seen as the product and the basis of facism and totalitarism, both because of the sense of their being composed of nonindividuals(or individuals who had lost their mental capabilities to exercise their own rational interest) and of the sense of a collectivity orchestrade by force outside itself, such as a state, a dictator, or a myth which was not produced by the deliberative interaction between individuals. p.61
has much to do whith dissent and litle with differencep.63
dissent and difference incontemporary polities
The key word here is opinion, for procedural minorities are not cultural or social minorities, they are temporary minorities, minorities solely by and of opinion. p.63
nation-states had simultaneously negotiate two pressures: the pressure to open up they markets to foreign investment, commodities, and images and the pressure to manage the capacity of their own claims for cultural dignity and recognition. p.65
globalization expose severe patologies in the sacred ideologies of nation hoodp.1
war on terror p.1
is a fundamental, and dangerous, idea behind the very idea of the modern nation-satate, the idea of national ethos p.3
ethos - os costumes de um povo de um lugar
that is, they seek uncertainty by dismembering the suspect body, the body under suspection. p.5
relationship between globalization, uncertainty and incompleteness - allow us recogmize when the anxiety of incompleteness and unacceptable levels of uncertainty combine... p.9
distinction between cellular and vertebrate world system p.21
vertebra5e features of the nation-state system but also is the laboratory for new formas of cellularity, de-linkage, and local autonomy p.28
...adds to this logic the capacity to globalize through cellular organizationmp.32
link minorities with modern nation-state and the marginalization of the nation-state on globalization p.33
In the remaining countries of the world, the underdeveloped and the truly destitute ones, there is a double anxiety: fear of inclusion, on draconian terms, and fear of exclusion, for this seems like exclusion from history itself. p.37
Three factors make globalization difficult to understand in terms of market and state,
1. role of financial capital it is faster, more multiplicative, more abstractm and more invasive of national economies than ever, your link loosenes with productive wealth
2. power of information revolution, ahead of protocolors of its regulations
3. whealth generation by eletronic finance markets making inccrease the gap between rich and poor people and also countries p. 37
market grow in intrastate versus interstate violence p.40
world's biggest criminal and tyrants have learned the languages of democracy, dignity, and rights p.41
why are minorieties targets? p.43
antropological argument Mary Douglas that "dirt matter out of place" and that all moral and social taxonomies find abhorrent the items that blur their bondaries (1996). Minorities of the sort that have describeded - the infirm, the religiously deviant, the dissabled, the mobile, the illegal, and the unwelcome in the space of nation-state-blur the bondaries between "us" and "them", here and there, in and out, health and unhealth, loyal and disloyal, need but unwelcome. This last binary is the key to the puzzle. p.44
and when they are poor, they are convenient symbols of the failure of many forms of development and welfare p.45
It is difficult to know who might emerge as the target minority, the ill fated stranger. In some case it seems obvious, in others less so. And that is because minorities are not born but made, historically speaking. In short, it is through specific choices and strategies, often of state elites or political leaders, that particular groups, who have stayed invisible, are rendered visible as minorities against whom campaigns of calumny can be unleashed, leading to explosions of ethnocide. so, rather than saying that minorities produce violence p.45 we could say that violence, especially at the national level, requires minorities. p.46
they are claims about cultural majorities that seek to be exclusively or axhaustively linked with th identity of the nation. p.52
why can small number excite range? Small numbers represent a tiny obstacle between majority and totality or total purity. p.53
Thus, the masses are always seen as the product and the basis of facism and totalitarism, both because of the sense of their being composed of nonindividuals(or individuals who had lost their mental capabilities to exercise their own rational interest) and of the sense of a collectivity orchestrade by force outside itself, such as a state, a dictator, or a myth which was not produced by the deliberative interaction between individuals. p.61
has much to do whith dissent and litle with differencep.63
dissent and difference incontemporary polities
The key word here is opinion, for procedural minorities are not cultural or social minorities, they are temporary minorities, minorities solely by and of opinion. p.63
nation-states had simultaneously negotiate two pressures: the pressure to open up they markets to foreign investment, commodities, and images and the pressure to manage the capacity of their own claims for cultural dignity and recognition. p.65
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário